Free Essays on Embracing Defeat

Dower, John W. Grasping Defeat: Japan in the Wake of World War II. New York : W.W. Norton and Company, 1999. Likewise with most records of post-war occupations, history is composed however the eyes of the victor. The equivalent can be said for past records of the American control of Japan. The Japanese occupation varied from German occupation in that the United States didn't have sole control in Germany as they did in Japan. The racial issue likewise assumes a significant job in the written history of the occupation. The United States viewed the Japanese, in a similar regard as they did some other tenants of the Asian landmass as â€Å"little earthy colored brothers† incapable to reestablish their country. In his book, Embracing Defeat: Japan in the Wake of World War II, John Dower endeavors to recount to the story from the opposite side of the fence. He delineates the Japanese characters in the story and their battles and eagerness to proceed onward, not simply the famous American players who are normally depicted as divine beings, passing out vote based system from above. Using kid 's shows, photos, journal sections, and different bits of regular daily existence just as exceptionally decisive language, John Dower endeavors to reproduce the social and social history of Japan during the American Occupation. This makes for a superior by and large comprehension of the period, as he works from within; considerations, thought processes, and feelings, to the outside; individuals, spots, and occasions, through the eyes of the Japanese individuals. Dower has attempted to pass on from inside some feeling of the Japanese experience of thrashing by concentrating on â€Å"social and social advancements just as on famous consciousness.† (25). Dower expresses, To put it somewhat better, I have attempted to catch a feeling of what it intended to begin once again in a destroyed world by recouping the voices of individuals at all degrees of society.(25). The outcome is a profoundly instructive assortment of tunes, billboards, rhymes, film plots, comi... Free Essays on Embracing Defeat Free Essays on Embracing Defeat Dower, John W. Grasping Defeat: Japan in the Wake of World War II. New York : W.W. Norton and Company, 1999. Similarly as with most records of post-war occupations, history is composed however the eyes of the victor. The equivalent can be said for past records of the American control of Japan. The Japanese occupation varied from German occupation in that the United States didn't have sole control in Germany as they did in Japan. The racial issue additionally assumes a significant job in the written history of the occupation. The United States viewed the Japanese, in a similar regard as they did some other tenants of the Asian mainland as â€Å"little earthy colored brothers† unfit to reestablish their country. In his book, Embracing Defeat: Japan in the Wake of World War II, John Dower endeavors to recount to the story from the opposite side of the fence. He delineates the Japanese characters in the story and their battles and ability to proceed onward, not simply the mainstream American players who are normally depicted as divine beings, giving out majority rules system from above. Using kid's shows, photos, journal passages, and different bits of regular day to day existence just as profoundly expressive language, John Dower endeavors to reproduce the social and social history of Japan during the American Occupation. This makes for a superior in general comprehension of the time, as he works from within; contemplations, thought processes, and feelings, to the outside; individuals, spots, and occasions, through the eyes of the Japanese individuals. Dower has attempted to pass on from inside some feeling of the Japanese experience of destruction by concentrating on â€Å"social and social improvements just as on well known consciousness.† (25). Dower expresses, To put it somewhat better, I have attempted to catch a feeling of what it intended to begin once again in a destroyed world by recuperating the voices of individuals at all degrees of society.(25). The outcome is a profoundly instructive assortment of melodies, billboards, rhymes, film plots, comi...

How Bmw Is Improving The Way It Works Accounting Essay Free Essays

string(28) void counts are avoided. This examination will be taking a gander at how BMW is bettering the way it works. It will focus on how BMW exchanges with ecological insurance, only in cut creation and business designs and what outcome these advancements have on the organization. Report The main nation this investigation will take a gander at is the manner by which BMW is bettering its natural insurance designs. We will compose a custom article test on How Bmw Is Improving The Way It Works Accounting Essay or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now BMW is a contract individual from the U.S. Ecological Protection Agency ‘s ( EPA ) National Environmental Achievement Track which perceives organizations for their natural open introduction ; it is other than present on the Dow Jones Sustainability Group Index, which rates earth benevolent organizations ( Walker and Bird 2005 ) . The BMW bunch looks to â€Å" carry on dependable and manageable natural arrangements, which are other than monetarily plausible. † ( BMW Group 2003 ) . The BMW Group have set out natural rules as the balance of how they direct their everyday tasks as an office of achieving this. BMW expects to use assets in a mindful and productive mode and attempt to secure our condition as long as possible. As a result all divisions of the BMW Group are guided by the International Environment Charter ( ICC Charter for Sustainable Development ) . The gathering acknowledges it has a corporate committedness and obligation for ecological security which spans to a ll individuals from the BMW Group, chiefs and administrators are required to execute the natural rules and to incite workers through representation puting to assume a similar obligation ( BMW Group 2003 ) . The BMW Group has made a witting assurance to rethink the achievement of the ecological insurance steps and to do farther improvements where vital or as coordinated by statute or law. BMW endeavor to chop down the impacts of their procedure on nature wheresoever capable, logical or administrative know †by what method can achieve monetarily attainable models which will ever rise above those required by law. Being developed, plan, creation and the activity of establishments, BMW utilize capable and financial organizations for monitoring assets and downplaying sway any place conceivable especially while introducing new creation strategies and techniques. Any new creation strategy or technique is surveyed to see its ecological similarity with regards to capable, business and financial judgments. As expressed in the ICC Charter BMW â€Å" think about the proficient utilization of vitality and common stuffs, the manageable use of sustainable assets, the minimization of all unfavorable ecological effect and waste coevals, and the protected and dependable removal of residuary squanders † ( BMW Group 2003 ) . The BMW bunch execute ecological bearing frameworks to gauge exceptionally significant natural features in progress. BMW are to the full conscious of their obligation to nature and are deliberately utilizing propelled building to downplay exhaust radiations, fuel ingestion and clamor transmissions. By planing their stocks to an ideal degree BMW ensure that any natural effects are kept to a lower limit and by teaching customers on the utilization and care of BMW vehicles the gathering intends to continue securing the earth long after the vehicle has left the factory ( BMW Group 2003 ) . Another way BMW has found of ensuring the earth one time the vehicle has left the factory comes at the terminal of the vehicles life where BMW advances the reusing of the vehicle to maintain a strategic distance from squander coevals and do utilization of the auxiliary common stuffs, This abatements the general vitality and asset ingestion underway and activity while completing the beat for the reuse of stuffs taking to less waste venturing out to landfill and fouling the earth. BMW articulation to proceed with asset s and better the natural similarity of their vehicles by creating exchange impetus building, for example, H cell and biofuel which are perpetually being redesigned and improved as designed development in building permits. BMW have built up the CleanEnergy framework which gives vehicles both a Hydrogen and gas defensively covered battle vehicle which naturally switches between protected battle vehicles relying upon what is required from the motor. The motor consuming of H delivers only vitality with H2O as a waste product which gives a hypothetically discharge free fuel and conceivable a future liberated from spreads. ( BMW Group n.d. ) . A few pundits of BMW blame them for â€Å" greenwash † in notice to the BMW Hydrogen 7 which is the main auto to be made using CleanEnergy Technology. It is guaranteed that the spreads delivered during H fuel creation exceed the lessening of tailpipe radiations and that the Hydrogen 7 is an interruption from progressively quick and functional answers for cut bringing down transmissions ( Wust 2006 ) . BMW do non confine the other fuel precept to their vehicles as is found in the representation of the BMW works in Spartanburg in the U.S. which utilizes methane g as from a close by landfill for 60 % of its vitality requests which brought about the works realize forthing 60,000 metric tons less C02 per twelvemonth. For this achievement the Spartanburg works got the Energy Partner of the Year 2007 from the Us Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA ) . In the midst of different advancements on the site this twelvemonth the Spartanburg works will inhale 92,000 metric huge amounts of C02 less and rescue 7 million U.S. dollars per twelvemonth contrasted with 2008 ( BMW Group 2009 ) ( Njeri 2009 ) . With around 16 billion ton-kilometers per moved to give the BMW Group ‘s creation locales with stuffs, convey trim parts and accessories to the gross incomes activities and oversee new vehicles around the world. BMW needs to downplay the natural effect this makes by using proficient transport coordinations, for example, meeting closes in expanding the per centum of low radiations bearers and limit use. BMW articulation at the per centum of metric ton kilometers secured by rail, course, ocean and air and Aim to better these figures yearly. BMW sends their movement operators orders packaged fitting to volume and continuously simply pay them for the volume moved. This has the result of boosting the movement operator to sort out administrations in a more clasp effective and ecologically amicable mode so limit is utilized and void counts are kept away from. You read How Bmw Is Improving The Way It Works Accounting Essay in class Exposition models Reclaimable dispensable bundling has other than been improved so as to expand load limit. ( BMW Group 2009 ) BMW ever attempt to pick the technique for travel which creates the most minimal transmissions. As an outcome tiny in the event that anything is delivered by means of air as ocean freight is the best technique. Over land course draw is limited and rail travel is boosted at every possible opportunity. In 2008 the greater part of every new vehicle left the workss by rail with some workss despatching each piece much as 90 % of new vehicles to their wrap up by rail. Specific trains are utilized to ship stuffs and trim parts and gratitude to another port in Brunswick separations screen by course payload in the U.S. have been diminished drastically. ( BMW Group 2009 ) . BMW utilization Just In Time creation ( JIT ) which is a stock rundown conspire that endeavors to better a worry ‘ return on putting by cut bringing down in-process stock rundown and related expenses. Executed right, JIT can significantly better a creation organization ‘s return on contributing, quality and effectiveness. The BMW Group is bettering the way it works in the nation of Just in Time creation to all the more likely run into the more explicit requests of its customers. BMW customers can do numerous petitions for augmentations and can do their ain particulars for their vehicle so JIT is extremely of import. The BMW Spartanburg works produces a large number of the most recent vehicles, for example, the X5 Sport Activity Vehicle and the Z3 Roadster. BMW utilization mySAPa„? Car to run a tight supplier web that keeps parts going to the two mechanical production systems in a JIT way to run into customer request ( My SAP 2002 ) . mySap Automotive gets use designed manufacturing orders from the BMW arranging framework. The requests incorporate all the parts required to develop every auto, the X5 for representation has 100s of constituents recorded in the vehicle proportion of stuffs. mySAP creates the carrying motivation for each segment to fit BMW ‘s mechanical production system arranging and sequencing. These long haul prognosiss and present moment JIT bringing plans are so sent by BMW to its suppliers. BMW has an electronic informations trade with its bigger suppliers though different suppliers can dish the mySAP Automotive Supplier Portal where BMW presents the requests on flexibly up to day of the month data on its bringing requests. Utilizing only a the internet program, suppliers can see discharge motivation, purchasing paperss, bills and innovation paperss in existent clasp. At the point when suppliers transport parts they send BMW progress transportation presentments ( ASNs ) to flexibly the automobile producer with precise data on partition checks and bringing day of the months so when the parts show up at the BMW bringing dock they can be moved directly to the manufacture lines ( My SAP 2002 ) . BMW other than utilizes the mySAP Automotive framework to oversee creation position in existent clasp as it registers creation check data each three proceedingss, any parts devoured during gathering are expelled from the stock rundown tally and expenses are presented on figure the estimation of work in headway. mySAP Automotive causes BMW to chop down request to bringing cut and fortifies the car creators supp

MYOB And Xero Essentials Comparison Chart of Features Solution

Question: Correlation among MYOB and Xero. Answer: Presentation The report is being composed for our customer Mr. David who is going to begin his own organization Sporty U and requires bookkeeping programming for his business. The goal of the report is to think about two of the best bookkeeping programming projects MYOB and Xero dependent on their modules, highlights, convenience, security and expenses and recommend to the customer which programming is better for him relying on his bookkeeping needs. Modules and Functions The most significant modules for bookkeeping programming incorporate deals, buys, rehash deals and buys, stock administration, account holders and leasers the executives, bank compromise and finance. Deals The business module of MYOB has a total deals framework which joins deals statements, requests and solicitations though Xero just has draft solicitations and no statements usefulness. The business solicitations are sent straightforwardly to the client from the program based program under Xero, one need not have the email program introduced and it very well may be sent from any gadget though for MYOB, the receipt email will be sent distinctly from the work area where the program is introduced. Xero gives the office to clients to get installments from their clients on the spot through paypal or eWay and the receipt is paid off inside the product. Thusly the customer can have a live perspective on the indebted individuals. This installment highlight isn't accessible with MYOB; anyway the solicitations can be receipted against countless solicitations both old and new. Under Xero, the receipt receipting is done through bank compromise where the client is looked for and ticked off for getting installment against the individual receipt. Buys Both the programming projects empower installment to providers by means of an ABA document transferred to the bank and the settlement counsel is messaged to the providers. In any case, for Xero the mail doesn't require introduced email program while MYOB requires it. Rehashing Sales and Purchases Both the programming projects permit making of a repetitive receipt or bill and rehash this consequently as per the time period given, anyway the distinction lies in the presentation of the usefulness. Under Xero, it is consistently on for example regardless of whether the client is signed in or not, the recurrent receipt/bill is consequently performed on the due date though under MYOB, the client should be signed on to play out the recurrent receipt/bill. So if the client has not signed into MYOB for a month, the recurrent receipt/bill won't be performed, consequently deferring the procedure. Stock Management MYOB has a superior module for stock administration with complex capacities while Xero has fundamental stock usefulness, the unpredictable usefulness can be furnished by Xero yet with add on programs which require separate logins. The organization is said to be taking a shot at this module further. Bank Reconciliation The most distinctive element of Zero is its bank compromise screen which makes the compromise simple for the customers. Force apparatuses in Xero make it extremely simple to accommodate represents general clients likewise and the compromise is done consistently rather than month to month. Be that as it may, the bank compromise usefulness of MYOB isn't so incredible, however the organization attempts to give comparative usefulness to that of Xero, anyway it isn't approach to Xero. Finance The finance module of Xero is better than MYOB in a portion of the significant highlights like running the finance of the worker as indicated by the schedule and furthermore the assessment is applied in like manner though in MYOB the finance can run for n number of times which brings about expense being applied on an off-base premise. Both the virtual products have timesheet work however MYOB has an extra component where it makes time charging in this way sparing endeavors of discrete timesheets and invoicing. (digitalfirst, 2014) Additionally the membership for MYOB is for boundless number of staff yet for Xero membership is for number of current staff and will increment with increment of staff individuals. Usability Xero is plainly a champ if there should be an occurrence of convenience. The most distinctive component of Xero is the dashboard it gives which is fresh in giving data of the budgetary circumstance. The dashboard shows immensely significant data like remarkable solicitations, up and coming bills, bank adjusts and costs in an engaging way. Another significant component is the program based methodology that Xero is which lets the client get to the product from anyplace and with any gadget not at all like MYOB which is to be introduced on a work area and needs to worked from that point itself. The exhibition of Xero is quicker regarding page stacking though MYOB is quite moderate. Just a single movement can be acted in MYOB, though in Xero, different tabs can be opened and keeping in mind that a report is being stacked, a business exchange can be made at the same time. (Joass, 2015) Security and Control Both the product has security of the information by making reinforcements in the cloud. Since Xero isn't required to be introduced in any framework and is a program based program, all the information is put away in remote servers and on the off chance that one drops their membership from Xero, the information is accessible in the server for a long time to download. Under MYOB, the information can be downloaded from MYOBs cloud in the wake of introducing Account Right Live. (Scottpartnerts, 2015) Report Availability Both the virtual products give the fundamental reports like benefit and misfortune account, monetary record, and bank compromise, maturing receivables and payables and stock compromise. (Ling, 2015) Notwithstanding, Xero gives the reports on a live premise for example t doesn't trust that the month will get over to give the reports, rather reports can be readied whenever of the month. Additionally it plans financial plans and contrasts the outcomes and genuine execution to show deviations. Expenses MYOB Account Right Live beginnings at essential $30 every month and standard $43 every month and Xero fundamental adaptation is for $25 every month which has predetermined number of exchanges and the standard expenses is $50 every month for boundless exchanges. Proposal From the above investigation, it tends to be reasoned that Xero is generally appropriate to David taking a gander at his needs. The product is simpler to utilize and is quicker. Likewise crafted by David expects him to be abroad the vast majority of the occasions; consequently Xero is progressively reasonable in such a case. The product is able giving complex reports on a live premise and the dashboard gives a fresh outline of the business activities. As of now Sporty U has just three representatives and the business is yet to begin, subsequently David could decide on the fundamental adaptation which has an expense as low as $25 every month. Hence, Xero is additionally modest regarding current necessity and quicker and increasingly helpful to utilize. References Digitalfirst, (2014), Xero versus MYOB AccountRight Live Comparison A Second Opinion, got to online on 30th May, 2016, accessible at https://www.digitalfirst.com/xero-versus myob-accountright-live-examination second-conclusion/ Ling, A., (2015), MYOB Workbook, School of Accounting and Finance, Unitec Institute of Technology Joass, M. (2015), Has Zero Already Beaten MYOB in Australia?, The Sydney Morning Herald, got to online on 30th May, 2016, accessible at https://www.smh.com.au/business/diverse idiot/has-xero-effectively beaten-myob-in-australia-20150312-142820.html Scottpartners, (2015), Xero versus MYOB : Which Will Work Better For Your Business?, got to online on 30th May, 2016, accessible at https://scottpartners.com.au/xero-versus myob-will-work-better-business/

Apple Inc. and Its Founder Essay - 550 Words

Apple Inc. and Its Founder (Essay Sample) Content: Apple iPhone Development Case StudyName:Institution:Apple iPhone Development Case StudyApple is one of the best smart phone manufactures in the United States. The firm is centered on a culture of innovation and entrepreneurship. Its extensive research and development activities, though costly, yields heavy return on investment. Apple and its founder (Steve Jobs) are credited for introducing new smart phone technology to the industry (Mark, 2009). As such, rivaling firms like Samsung, LG and HTC are quickly falling under the shadows of the tech giant. It is not surprising that smart phone innovations introduced by Samsung and other small business entities are seen as Appleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s copycats.iPhone IntroductionOver the years, apple brand has grown to dominate industry. Appleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s success, especially in iPhone sales is a result if extensive marketing strategy and careful planning, thanks to Steve Jobà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s personal ideals. Some of the innovations iPhone i ntroduced to the market include iTunes, iOS Appstore and the 64-bit A7 smart phone processor. Others are 3D screen touch and touch ID (Miluzzo et al., 2008). Steve Jobs, the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s founder, receives credit for the introduction. He was guided by personal instincts to venture into the unknown. Other times, he was harshly criticized for his risky business moves and ideas. However, his à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"bizarreà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ innovations have finally paid off. Steve Jobs was a curious individual passionate about technological adventure. His intuition led to the foundation of Apple to rival Microsoftà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s stiff competition in PC development.Apple as First Marketer of SmartphoneIntroduction of iPod in 2005 and its success demonstrated that the global market was in dire need of sophisticated handheld gadgets able to support multiple applications and functionality. This presence of opportunity coupled with appleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s culture of taking business risks inspired the introdu ction of iPhone as a first smart phone. Initial failures by firms like Motorola signaled a lack of competition in the field hence the need for Apple to grab the opportunity for maximum ROI (Return on Investment)One company ApproachThough Steve Jobs is regarded as one of the most successful personalities in the technology industry, he had his flaws. For instance his insistence on the need for a single tech firm to develop both the hardware and the software is now considered ill-advised. Jobs failed to factor in the enormous costs involved in the design phase. Besides, there is a limitation of innovation ideas if the development of phone software is constrained and limited to a single firm. The success of android software results from its model as an open-ended interface usable in most smart phones irrespective of the hardware manufacturers. This explains why Apple iPhones are expensive.The Role of AppsApplication software defines the smart phone functionality. Currently, most smart p hone hardware developers have crossed the mark for sophisticated hardware components. However, a problem sets in when the phonesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ ability to support multiple applications is considered. In the case of Apple, it is hard to convince software developers to design iPhone apps unsupported in android devices. On the other hand, Google Play has thousands of Apps because android is open ender hence an opportunity for App developers to widen the market for their products (Goadrich Rodgers, 2011).Samsung Desi... Apple Inc. and Its Founder Essay - 550 Words Apple Inc. and Its Founder (Essay Sample) Content: Apple iPhone Development Case StudyName:Institution:Apple iPhone Development Case StudyApple is one of the best smart phone manufactures in the United States. The firm is centered on a culture of innovation and entrepreneurship. Its extensive research and development activities, though costly, yields heavy return on investment. Apple and its founder (Steve Jobs) are credited for introducing new smart phone technology to the industry (Mark, 2009). As such, rivaling firms like Samsung, LG and HTC are quickly falling under the shadows of the tech giant. It is not surprising that smart phone innovations introduced by Samsung and other small business entities are seen as Appleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s copycats.iPhone IntroductionOver the years, apple brand has grown to dominate industry. Appleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s success, especially in iPhone sales is a result if extensive marketing strategy and careful planning, thanks to Steve Jobà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s personal ideals. Some of the innovations iPhone i ntroduced to the market include iTunes, iOS Appstore and the 64-bit A7 smart phone processor. Others are 3D screen touch and touch ID (Miluzzo et al., 2008). Steve Jobs, the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s founder, receives credit for the introduction. He was guided by personal instincts to venture into the unknown. Other times, he was harshly criticized for his risky business moves and ideas. However, his à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"bizarreà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ innovations have finally paid off. Steve Jobs was a curious individual passionate about technological adventure. His intuition led to the foundation of Apple to rival Microsoftà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s stiff competition in PC development.Apple as First Marketer of SmartphoneIntroduction of iPod in 2005 and its success demonstrated that the global market was in dire need of sophisticated handheld gadgets able to support multiple applications and functionality. This presence of opportunity coupled with appleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s culture of taking business risks inspired the introdu ction of iPhone as a first smart phone. Initial failures by firms like Motorola signaled a lack of competition in the field hence the need for Apple to grab the opportunity for maximum ROI (Return on Investment)One company ApproachThough Steve Jobs is regarded as one of the most successful personalities in the technology industry, he had his flaws. For instance his insistence on the need for a single tech firm to develop both the hardware and the software is now considered ill-advised. Jobs failed to factor in the enormous costs involved in the design phase. Besides, there is a limitation of innovation ideas if the development of phone software is constrained and limited to a single firm. The success of android software results from its model as an open-ended interface usable in most smart phones irrespective of the hardware manufacturers. This explains why Apple iPhones are expensive.The Role of AppsApplication software defines the smart phone functionality. Currently, most smart p hone hardware developers have crossed the mark for sophisticated hardware components. However, a problem sets in when the phonesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ ability to support multiple applications is considered. In the case of Apple, it is hard to convince software developers to design iPhone apps unsupported in android devices. On the other hand, Google Play has thousands of Apps because android is open ender hence an opportunity for App developers to widen the market for their products (Goadrich Rodgers, 2011).Samsung Desi...

The Conflict Theory Of The Civil War On Drugs - 2305 Words

In â€Å"Modern Slavery,† PoliticalArticles (2011) notes that, in contemporary American society, more African-Americans are imprisoned today than were held as slaves prior to emancipation. In examining this phenomenon through the theoretical lens provided by Conflict Theory, the essay argues that imprisonment has come to represent a new â€Å"Jim Crow† in which poor urban African-Americans are now disproportionately incarcerated on the basis of the â€Å"War on Drugs.† Arguing that this structure is itself unjust, the essay thus by argues that the disproportionate focus on incarceration which prevails within this war is highly problematic as it pertains to social justice for the Black community. Concluding, it examines the draught of opportunities available to African-American minorities within American cities, via an overview of urban sociology, and proposes that macro level dynamics pertaining to the nature of the city are perpetuating the racialist implicatio ns of the War on Drugs. The Nature of Conflict Theory Arguing that exploitation lies at the core of most social relationships, Conflict Theory proposes that the rules by which society are governed are dictated by powerful actors, and that these serve to ultimately preserve the positions of those groups that hold power. This paradigm argues that the nature of society is inherently conflictual, and that social change only emerges when powerful actors are dislodged through mass-level collective action that is itself difficult toShow MoreRelatedThe New Gang Became Known As The Mara Salvatrucha Stoners ( Ms Stoners ) Essay793 Words   |  4 PagesIn 1979, a civil war broke out in El Salvador between government soldiers and civilians. The war lasted for more than a decade and left blood as well as approximately 700,000 refugees. These refugees also included former military combatants. In the 1980’s vast amounts of the refugees migrated to Los Angeles (LA), which is the home of 1,000+ gangs. 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Qualitative Research in Health Care London

Question: Describe about the Qualitative research in health care for London? Answer: Briefly describe the health issue of the studys focus? The health issue of this research article is breast cancer. Researcher Beaver et al. (2009) have explored the views of breast cancer patients and breast care nursing experts on telephonic record after breast cancer treatment. What is the significance of the study? Follow up meetings after breast cancer treatment are often short with limited opportunities to meet-up psycho-social requirements and information. Though, the UK national guidelines have suggested that women detected with breast cancer can access expert BCNs for support and suggests. From prior researches the researchers have identified that the required information are not adequately met during routine follow-up meetings for breast cancer. Patients feel reluctant to enquire about associated queries in clinics. Unmet instruction requirements can exist for various years after the breast cancer diagnosis, which is the time while instruction form care professional has decreased. Evidences are present on nurse-led follow-ups via telephone, which is an efficient approach to offer care in oncology. Till date very less research has been focused on the function of telephonic record for breast cancer affected women. Therefore, they have decided to design a random control trial study, where th ey can compare conventional clinical follow-up with telephonic follow-up by expert BCNs. Overview of research design What was the aim of the research? The aim of the research is to compare conventional clinical follow-up with telephonic follow-up by expert BCNs, in order to evaluate the efficacy of the telephonic follow-up after breast cancer treatment. The researches have used qualitative research design in order to interview 28patient participants and four BCNs. The researchers have used content analysis method to evaluate the interview information. What research design did the researchers use? Was it appropriate? Why or why not? The main aim of this research is to explore and illustrate the patients comments and the views of BCNs on telephonic follow-up. Therefore, selection of qualitative design is very much important. The participants were interviewed and these interviews were recorded, transcribed and analyzed with the help of content analysis. Qualitative research method includes descriptions and not calculations (Creswell, 2003). Applying this method in the mentioned research study helped the researchers to enrich quantitative data, which had been gathered previously during primary trial to evaluate the information deeply, how the participants and expert nurses observed telephonic follow-up. Qualitative information offers a detailed and rich picture about what the participants convey, why they act in certain manner and their point of views regarding a particular action. Few components of qualitative research are credibility, transferability, dependability and confirmability (Cho, 2006). Credibility impr oves through long interaction with participants during collection of data. Transferability achieves through specified description of research process so that the readers can check whether data can be transmitted to different setting (Bassett, 2004). Dependability is analyzed through reliability, such as: checking numbers. In case of confirmability, reliability categories are used, for example: raw data (data examination, reduction process, data synthesis, reconstruction, themes, structuring categories, process notes etc. Sampling Who were the study participants? There were 374study participants randomized to hospital and telephonic follow-up by the expert nurses. Out of them 191patients were randomized to telephonic follow-up and 173 received telephonic intervention with no deviations from research protocol. Patient identification numbers were selected randomly. After written consents were received from the participants, 39participants were sent participation letters and out of them 34agreed to take part in the study (Beaver, Williamson Chalmers, 2010). Among them 6women discontinued and finally 28interviewes were carried out. Four nursing experts were selected for this research study all were agreed to take part in this research study. What are the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the sample? Why is it important to have these criteria identified before recruitment? It is important to select inclusion and exclusion criteria prior initiating the research study. This is because inclusion and exclusion criteria help researchers to precise their literature search in order to support their current study with evidences (Srinivasan, 2002). Not only that these criteria also help them to take decision on which particular topic they should focus on to carry out the current research study. Suppose, in this research study the articles which they have selected for evidences were limited from the year 1986 to 2008, English literatures and women participants, who were affected with breast cancer and under hospital follow-ups and also expert nurses dealing specifically with breast cancer. According to the researchers prior studies have already mentioned different aspects associated with breast cancer treatment and follow ups, but no proper randomized control study has been designed in order to evaluate the efficiency of telephonic hospital follow-ups compared t o conventional clinical follow ups, after the treatment of breast cancer. What sampling technique was employed in this study? Was the sampling technique appropriate for the research design? Why or why not? Random sampling technique was employed for this research study. An unsystematic sample of almost 20% of the participants who received phone follow up during the research study was selected with the help of computerized system. Thus applicable patient identification numbers were selected randomly. This is significant because random selection eliminates systematic bias (Dattalo, 2010). How was the sample size determined? Was it appropriate and why? The sample size was randomized to telephonic or hospital follow-up. They have asked provide consent. Participants who were willing to take part in this research study have reverted with proper consent and finally 28partcicipants have participated along with four breast care nurses. This approach was very much significant because signed consent letters provide the information that participants were not forced to take part in the research study. Collection of data How was the data collected? Beaver and his colleges conducted a clinical study to check the effectiveness of telephonic follow-up which is done after the breast cancer management. Here, the researcher intended to discuss about the data collection process utilized in the given study. According to the information, among the 374 patient, along with telephonic and hospital follow up, 173 are going through intervention via telephonic media. In addition to this, a special predesigned computer programming is employed which supports the author to chose 20% of the entire sample and among them 39 are received letter of invitation. Further, 87% of selected 39 people that is 34 are agreed to involve in the study but because of some unexpected reason out of 34, finally 28 patients are participated. Here, the average of the participating subjects age is 61 (Paynter, 2010). Was the data collection method appropriate for the study question and the research design? Why / why not? The collection methodology progressed including two distinct group, these are patient and other is nurse associated with breast cancer care. The question which are to be asked during the interview by the researcher is composed in a such way that it reflects the importance of telephonic follow-up after breast cancer surgery. In order to make sure that the objectives of data collection are appropriately fulfilled and the method would also prominent. Questions are involves the participants opinion as per nurses engagement in the place of doctor, also their feeling about the telephonic intervention. The participants also asked advantages and disadvantages of telephonic intervention. Thought-provoking question are also organized for the nurses also like their opinion in this type of follow-up in place of direct facing to the patient. The duration of each intervention is half an hour to one hour for breast cancer patient where in case of nurse associated with breast cancer care is 90 minut es approximately (Goodman et al. 2013). What measures were or were not taken to ensure rigor? In order to go to the topic in depth and as per data collection view various significant elements are there like rigor and these are cultured or rather measured by various clinical variables as well as socio-demographical point of view. Analysis of data Identify and describe the data analysis? Was it appropriate? In a clinical study analysis of data is one of the most significant parts. Depending upon the proper clarification of data researchers can get the optimum resultant and make the decision, based on the application of analysis method relating to content of manifest. Coded are expressed in the transcripts border and preparing of code book followed by data-analysis which is grouped by word version of Microsoft collaboration (Paynter, 2010). Summarization of collected and analyzed data is done by this method and for standardization of coding researchers is separately transcripted. Researchers who are associated with qualitative analysis suggest the various measurements in order to confirm the rigour of the trial obviously for bios free as well as appropriate analysis structure. What were the findings? Comprehensive finding after prominent analyzing of data is positive which is obtaining by telephonic intervention with patient and nurses associated with breast cancer care. However, some negative points are there after comparing both the intervention with specialists and patients who are suffering from breast cancer. Researchers are able to find out some significant factor which greatly influences the whole clinical study of this telephonic intervention. In case of patient these are satisfaction, consistency, standardizing, designing structure and incorporation of face in the telephonic intervention. There are some vital element also derived from the intervention of specialist nurses which are well-being of the patient, requirement of meeting, growing skill and above all the preference of the patient (Kamath, 2009). Can the study findings be used in other settings? Why / why not? As the patient is fundamental basis of any type of health care system, so the satisfaction of patient is always be the key factor of this scientific study also. In this clinical trial this theory is also applicable (Hughes, 2012). Here for the consultation which continuing for 30,60 or even 90 min for participants in trial intervention is almost done in homely situation in spite of hospital or bounded laboratory environment, specially for this concern at much more applicable in modern day breast cancer therapy. Besides this when numerous women are employed, then by this telephonic interview for management of breast cancer they can utilize more time in home by doing other activity simultaneously getting advised from specialized nurses. Utilization of evidence in telephonic intervention Would you implement the findings of this study in clinical practice? Why / why not? Maintaining of other regular daily activity of patient suffering from breast cancer is a significant effectiveness in counseling and mental healing support which is believed to be the pillars of curing any disease, whatever the disease may complicated or comparatively much simple. There are several evidences through management strategy of breast cancer by the unique telephonic intervention between patient and nurses associated with breast cancer care. For such advanced intervention and to appropriate delivery of medicinal and some behavioral pattern for fight against this complex disease by well groomed add skilled nurse is only possible by a high conceptualization and implementation of a progress able nursing practice concerning this clinical base strategy (McGee, 2007). A much developed peer preference as well as channels response in ongoing process is significantly essential for this advanced intervention. References: Bassett, C. (2004).Qualitative research in health care. London: Whurr. Beaver, K., Williamson, S., Chalmers, K. (2010). Telephone follow-up after treatment for breast cancer: views and experiences of patients and specialist breast care nurses.Journal Of Clinical Nursing,19(19-20), 2916-2924. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2010.03197.xCho, J. (2006). Validity in qualitative research revisited.Qualitative Research,6(3), 319-340. doi:10.1177/1468794106065006 Contents. (2010).Computational Statistics Data Analysis, 54(10), p.vi-vii. Creswell, J. (2003).Research design. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications. Dattalo, P. (2010).Strategies to approximate random sampling and assignment. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Gionis, A. (2013). Data Analysis.Data Science Journal, 12(0), pp.GRDI13-GRDI18. Goodman, J. K., Cryder, C. E., Cheema, A. (2013). Data collection in a flat world: The strengths and weaknesses of Mechanical Turk samples.Journal of Behavioral Decision Making,26(3), 213-224. Hughes, M. (2012). Assessing the Collection Through Use Data: An Automated Collection Assessment Tool.Collection Management, 37(2), pp.110-126. Kamath, C. (2009). Application-Driven Data Analysis.Statistical Analysis Data Mining, 1(5), pp.285-285. McGee, P. (2007). Ethical Issues in Data Collection.Research Ethics, 3(2), pp.53-53. Paynter, R. (2010). Data Mashups as Collection Management Tools.Collection Management, 36(1), pp.68-72. Srinivasan, R. (2002).Importance sampling. Berlin: Springer.

Why did Estonia move from a planned economy to a market economy Essay Example

Why did Estonia move from a planned economy to a market economy Essay When Estonia first gained independence after the First World War, it enjoyed great economic success and development during the twenty-year inter-war period. However, the economic gains were negated by fifty years of Soviet occupation following World War II, leading to economic stagnation. The central government of the Soviet Union had destroyed the Soviet Republics economy as a whole, as the decision of what to produce, how much to produce and for whom to produce was placed solely on the government. Thus inefficient monopolistic state-owned industries employing the entire population regardless of skill level churned out poor quality goods that nobody wanted, while the rationing of basic foodstuffs was part of daily life. With the loss of the profit motive and no hierarchy system where the better were rewarded, both people and companies had little motivation to be efficient or innovative. The Estonian economy was in reality just the sum of the enterprises physically located on one territory. Due to the closed Soviet Unions huge shortage economy and immense quantities of natural resources, the Estonian economy could seemingly ignore world competition. As raw materials were bought at heavily subsidized prices from Russia (which led to the unaccountably low prices of energy and raw materials etc. ) the majority of enterprises created were material, energy and transport intensive, producing mainly low quality goods. But when the Soviet Union began to collapse in 1991, Estonia declared independence and started shifting towards a market economy. It sought an end to the incessant shortages, poor quality goods and inefficient state-owned industries suffering from diseconomies of scale which had plagued it as a planned economy and the diversity and dynamism of a market economy, which would hopefully bring much needed foreign investment, a well-oiled private business sector and stable economic growth to raise living standards. We will write a custom essay sample on Why did Estonia move from a planned economy to a market economy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Why did Estonia move from a planned economy to a market economy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Why did Estonia move from a planned economy to a market economy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Estonian economy faced deep structural problems immediately following independence. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Russian ruble continued to function as a currency in the former Soviet empire. Russia had the sole authority to print ruble notes and so in some sense controlled monetary policy throughout the currency area. Estonia remained part of the ruble zone the remnants of the Soviet monetary system even after independence in 1991. But political and economic instability in the CIS, coupled with the complete lack of monetary discipline within the ruble zone, offered little international credibility for the nations using the ruble. With the removal of subsidies on a multitude of goods, prices rose to real levels. In 1992 inflation exceeded 1,000 percent. Without the Soviet Union juggernaught providing cheap raw materials and a market for exports, the Estonian economy was left completely exposed. Inefficient state companies were forced to close, aggravating unemployment and dragging down GDP: the cumulative decline of the GDP during the period 1990-1994 was 36%. Foreign investment was desperately needed; enterprise was almost non-existent and capital had to be imported. What are the benefits of its transition? (5) Today, Estonia has a booming economy that is rapidly reaching western standards. Its economic success is based on a liberal economic policy, a currency board system with a stable currency pegged to the Deutschmark/Euro and a balanced budget (The Estonian government solved the problem of rocketing inflation by introducing a new currency, the Kroon, in 1992. It was pegged to the stable Deutsch mark and helped to calm prices, allowing the economy to start anew). Thanks to an extremely favorable business climate, excellent communication links, a low-cost base, plus a highly skilled and productive workforce, Estonia has become an attractive location for inward direct investment and an active and rapidly growing exporter: in 1998, Estonian exports were four times the level they were five years before. Exports increased faster than imports in 1998, cementing the export sector as a key factor contributing to the countrys economic growth. In 1995, Estonian signed an association agreement with the EU and was among the first six associated countries invited to accession negotiations in December 1997. In 1995, Estonia formally submitted its application to the WTO and negotiations for membership are now entering the final stages. Estonia has succeeded in reorienting its foreign trade away from the former Soviet Union and the shrinking eastern market to western markets. Today, the EU is Estonias biggest trading partner, accounting for over 60% of Estonias exports in 1998. Russia continues to be an important export partner, although total exports to the Russian Federation declined from 19% in 1997 to 13. 4% in 1998. The Russian financial crisis had an effect on industries whose main target for export was Russia (namely the food industry). The GDP declined in 1999 by 0. 7%, but started growing again in 2000. Due to important changes in the direction of foreign trade and the economic relationship in general from east to west during the 1990s, the effect of financial crises in Russia had a more moderate influence on the Estonian economy than would have occurred if Estonia had been more closely linked to the Russian market. The structure of the Estonian GDP has become rather close to that of the GDP of developed countries. These structural changes are a result of the deep economic decline experienced during the difficult years of transition and foreign trade shock (a rapid change of terms of trade, and a deep decline of trade with Russia). These shocks enabled Estonia to develop an export-orientated and well-oiled free market economy, which in turn brought economic growth and an increase of general wages well ahead of inflation. Estonia is now investing heavily in the technology sector, and 40% of its citizens now use the internet. With living standards rising steadily, more and more economists are beginning to call the difficult transition Estonia has endured the Estonian Economic Miracle.