Huckleberry Finn :: essays research papers

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is often considered to be Twain's masterpiece. It combined his raw humor with startlingly mature material to create a novel that directly attacked many of the traditions the South held dear. Huckleberry Finn is the main character, and it is through his eyes that the South is revealed and judged. His companion, a runaway slave named Jim, provides Huck with friendship and protection during their journey along the Mississippi. The novel begins with Huck himself writing the story. He briefly describes what has happened to him since The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. After Huck and Tom discovered twelve thousand dollars in treasure, Judge Thatcher invested the money for them. Huck was adopted by the Widow Douglas and Miss Watson, both of whom took pains to raise him properly. Dissatisfied with his new life, Huck runs away. Tom Sawyer manages to bring Huck back by promising to start a band of robbers. All the young boys in town join Tom's band, and they use a hidden cave as their hideout. However, many of them soon become bored with the make-believe battles and so the band falls apart. Soon thereafter Huck sees footprints in the snow which he recognizes as his Pa's. Huck realizes that Pa has returned to claim his money, and so he quickly runs to Judge Thatcher and "sells" his share of the money for a "consideration" of a dollar. Pa catches Huck and makes him hand over the dollar, and threatens to beat Huck if he ever goes to school again. Judge Thatcher and the Widow try to gain court custody of Huck, but a new judge in town refuses to separate Huck from Pa. Soon thereafter, Pa steals Huck away from the Widow's house and takes him to a log cabin. Huck says that he enjoys the life at first, but he soon decides to escape after Pa starts to frequently beat him. Soon thereafter Pa returns to the town and Huck seizes the chance to escape. He saws his way out of the log cabin, kills a pig and spreads the blood as if it were his own, and then takes a canoe and floats downstream to Jackson's Island. Once there he sets up camp and hides out. A few days later Huck stumbles onto a still smoldering campfire on the island. He is frightened but decides to discover who the other person is.

A Look into Edna St. Vincent Millay’s Poem

Edna St. Vincent Millay’s poem â€Å"What lips my lips have kissed† evokes a sad song that where a lady is regretting all the lovers she had lost. The choice of this particular poem by Edna St. Vincent Millay could be justified by the fact that readers can easily relate to it because it talks about a universal theme, which is love. Although it reeks of regret and loneliness, the poet effectively successfully used palpable symbols and words to describe the past events that transpired in her life. In the poem, the speaker casts herself as a â€Å"lonely tree†. One writer, Epstein (2001) proclaims that this poem is â€Å"a summing up of [the author’s] love life to date, and an occasion to invoke the classic themes of elegy, the tempus fugit and the ubi sunt† (p. 139): What lips my lips have kissed, and where, and why I have forgotten, and what arms have lain Under my head till morning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . And in my heart there stirs a quiet pain For unremembered lads that not again Will turn to me at midnight with a cry. Thus in the winter stands the lonely tree, Nor knows what birds have vanished one by one, Yet knows its boughs more silent than before. It seems that the speaker in the poem is an aging lady signified by the songless tree. Indeed, she is an epitome of loneliness and regret, one that we might be tempted to read as a prototype of abandoned womanhood, pathetic and powerless. Male desire in the love sonnets where the woman as a speaker always masquerades feminine weakness and sentimentality; often beseeching, and consumed by desire. However, when a male lover speaks, it would imply â€Å"authority of suffering and, perhaps more importantly, with the authority of convention†. When Millay masquerades as a male poet masquerading as a lovesick woman, the â€Å"sense of where sincerity meets gesture and how authority aligns itself with gender is confused† (Freedman, 1995, p. 113). In its structure, the poem is classified as a sonnet that has a particular rhyming pattern: abbaabba cdedce. The poem uses alliteration and assonance. It is also rich in naturally-occurring symbols, which all readers can easily connect. The poem begins with a one-sentence octave that presents the situation in which the narrator finds herself–inside a house during the rain, reminiscing about her past and forgotten lovers. The inverted sentence structure of the first two lines almost suggests a question rather than a statement: How many lovers were there? The alliterations in the first line additionally emphasize the repetitiveness of the narrator’s sexual encounters. At the same time, the perfect tense mean that this phase of her life has been completed, and the body part symbolisms of lips, arms, and head imply her distance from the experience. In the third line, Millay moves to the present tense, where she describes the memories of her lovers (using a ghost metaphor) aroused by the rain, a symbol for gloom and melancholia. These are the lovers that â€Å"tap and sigh†. The narrator seems insinuating that the lovers themselves are irrelevant. For the same reason, â€Å"Millay picks a metaphor that hints at facelessness and lack of welcome and resonates with the specific time of the midnight hour†. The central phrase in this section is â€Å"quiet pain,† an â€Å"almost-oxymoron suggesting that the narrator's grief is muted or accepted† (Schurer, 2005). As signified by the forward movement of tenses, Millay gives the readers a slight glimpse of things to come as well: However, undeniably, she   regrets everything and she expects no intimacy in the future. In the end, the female narrator seems not interested in the identity of her lovers as in the memory of the emotions they allowed her to experience.   Despite the sadness and regret, the narrator presented peace or redemption as a â€Å"faint echo of the emotion of love from her youth† (Schurer, 2005). Despite the lonely themes and symbols, we can sense of equality in love; to the demand by women that they be allowed to enter the world of adventure and experiment in love which men have long inhabited. However, Millay does not sound to be any feminist to argue for that equality. She just makes it subtle, exhibits it in this poem and turns it into beauty. Works Cited Epstein, Daniel Mark. What Lips My Lips Have Kissed: The Loves and Love Poems of Edna St. Vincent Millay. New York: Holt, 2001. Freedman, Diane P., ed. Millay at 100: A Critical Reappraisal. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press, 1995. Schurer, Norbert. â€Å"Millay's what lips my lips have kissed, and where, and why†, The Explicator, 63.2 (Winter 2005): 94-97.

Catcher in the Rye Beloved Classic or Bad Influence - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1084 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/05/28 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Catcher in The Rye Essay Did you like this example? J.D. Salingerrs The Catcher in the Rye has been a hotly debated novel for nearly seventy years. The story features perhaps one of the most memorable central characters in American literature, Holden Caulfield. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Catcher in the Rye Beloved Classic or Bad Influence" essay for you Create order Holden is a sixteen-year-old boy who had recently been expelled from Pencey Prep, a prestigious academy for boys in fictional Agerstown Pennsylvania. Holden suffers from symptoms of manic depression and psychosis, much like the author of the book J.D. Salinger. It is suggested in the final chapter that Holden is undergoing treatment in a mental hospital at the time of his retelling. Holden experiences many symptoms of manic depression or bipolar disorder, including low energy and motivation, loss of interest in everyday activities, irritability, apathy, mood swings, impulsive and reckless behavior, inappropriate social interactions, excess desire for sex, and delusion. All of these symptoms affect Holden in some way during his three days in New York. Many of these effects have led to controversy in the wake of this polarizing novel. COMMON CONCERNS The Catcher in the Rye is a widely discussed novel in school settings, particularly in high school and college discussions. The Catcher in the Rye sold over 60 million copies and is still fondly remembered today. As a book that so freely represents serious tones such as alienation, depression, and loss of a family member, it was guaranteed that The Catcher in the Rye would face some apprehension upon release in 1951, but even now many people take offense to some of the bookrs serious messages. the Catcher in the Rye has topped many most challenged book lists and was even banned from the classroom several times. Whatrs Wrong With the Catcher in the Rye? There are many reasons concerned parents and teachers choose to challenge books. These include the inclusion of racial themes, alternative lifestyles, profanity, sexual content, violence, negativity, and unpopular religious and political views. In a passage about book banning, ?Punchels writer Jamie Leigh wrote that The Catcher in the Rye has the special privilege of being banned for almost all of the reasons listed above. Parents have objected to the books profanity, lurid passages about sex, immortality, excessive violence, negativity, communist elements, and depiction of alcohol abuse. (Leigh, 33 ) How it Affects Readers. One reason so many people love the novel is that the story and its narrator are relatable even sixty years after release. However, this may not be such a good thing. For example, After Mark David Chapman shot and killed John Lennon, he calmly opened up Catcher in the Rye and proceeded to read it † before being apprehended. ( It has been said the Chapman thought of himself as the real-life representation of Holden Caulfield and wanted to protect children from Lennonrs atheist views. The protection of innocence is a very large part of Holdenrs character and is his premier alternative to the phoniness he is so disgusted by. SHOULD IT BE BANNED? It seems that there are quite a lot of negative elements in the Catcher in the Rye, so what positive things can the reader learn from reading it? I think that Holdenrs character can remind teenagers who suffer from depression or from the loss of a loved one that they are not alone and can provide a form of representation for people with Bipolar Disorder in media. The Catcher in the Rye gets its namesake from Holdenrs misunderstanding of the phrase if a body meet a body comin thro the rye. He wants to stand in a field and save children from falling over the cliff into the depths of adulthood and phoniness. Most of all, he wants to protect his sister Phoebe, one of the only people who he truly trusts and respects. When he visits Phoebers school to deliver a message to her, he sees an obscene word written on the wall. And although Holden knows and has used this word, he rubs it away in fear that Old Phoebe will see it. Holden was unable to ?save his late brother Allie before his childhood was cut short, and his death provided the initial jolt that childhood isnt always a sacred shield of protection where all is safe. The Catcher in the Rye provides consequences for the bad decisions Holden makes throughout the story. For example, Holden drives away many of the people that he meets, and this makes him a bit of a loner with very few allies. He loses some of the people he considers as friends throughout the story after he calls them dense, self-obsessed, or phony; and he provokes his roommate Stradlater to the point of a violent confrontation. When he fails to apply himself in school he is expelled, he begins coughing and becomes short of breath and traces it back to his habit of smoking, and when he tries to keep his expulsion from his family he ends up feeling more depressed and alone than he did when the story began. The inclusion of consequences for Holdenrs actions lessens the likelihood of the idea that these choices and habits will rub off on the reader. It must be understood that language and sexual tones were included in the story not to poison the minds of young readers, but to create a look into the eyes of a lonely adolescent. For example, Salingerrs writing is intentionally imperfect to emulate how a teenage boy would speak in real life and to show that Holden isnt a perfect character, but an exceptionally human one. CONCLUSION Although the Catcher in the Rye has many grievances, I do not think that the Catcher in the Rye should be banned. It is a thought-provoking novel that is almost as candid as Holden Caulfield himself. It turns the simple premise of spending three days in New York City into a book that has been discussed and analyzed for sixty-seven years. The heavily debatable experiences in the story are what make its message powerful. Hold on to your innocence, your family, your friends, and your allies; because of the path of growing up is not steady and straight, itrs a carousel that goes up and down, around and around. It really is. Works Cited Bipolar Disorder. WebMD, www.webmd.com/depression/guide/bipolar-disorder-manic-depression#1. Is Catcher in the Rye an Assassination Trigger? Atomicpoet, 31 Jan. 2012, atomicpoet.wordpress.com/2012/01/31/is-catcher-in-the-rye-an-assassination-trigger/. The Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger. Banned Library, www.bannedlibrary.com/podcast/2016/6/17/the-catcher-in-the-rye-by-j-d-salinger-1951. 10 Reasons for Banning Books and 5 Much Better Reasons Not to. Punchels, https://www.punchnels.com/2014/09/18/10-reasons-for-banning-books-and-5-much-better-reasons-not-to/

The Canterbury Tales Comparative Essay - 887 Words

Franchesca Mrs. Thomas AP Literature and Composition A Knight Nobler Than a Monk The Canterbury Tales, written at the end of the fourteenth century, is a frame story written by Geoffrey Chaucer. In the novel, the narrator joins a diverse group of twenty-nine pilgrims who are traveling from Southwark to the shrine of the martyr Saint Thomas’a Becket. While the pilgrims are gathered at the inn, Chaucer observes the pilgrims and records a descriptive account of twenty-seven of the pilgrims, which include a knight and a monk. When reading The Canterbury Tales, the reader quickly discovers that this group of traveling pilgrims are extremely different from each other. The Knight and the Monk are two characters that differ in almost every†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"And though so much distinguished, he was wise/ and in his bearing modest as a maid† (70-71). The Knight is admired by all because of his protection and respect for them. Contrastingly, the Monk’s actions did not prove to be as noble as those of the Kni ght. As mentioned previously, a monk is bound to vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience. The Monk finds these virtues to be worthless and does not live by the rules and regulations that he was expected to follow. â€Å"The rule of good St. Benet or St. Maur/ as old and strict he tended to ignore† (177-178). Instead, he indulges himself in his worldly desires, such as wearing fine clothing and traveling around the country to hunt. Although the Monk’s title make him out to be a holy and honorable man, his actions prove otherwise. In The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer, Chaucer manages to capture human nature in its various forms. Each pilgrim is their own person and each have unique characteristics that make them different from each other. This point is evident in the different descriptions of the people along with the tales that each of them tell. In the final analysis, the Knight and the Monk are two characters that are very different in many aspects such as the narrator’s opinion of them, their appearance, and most importantly, their actions. Although the Monk displays undesirable traits such as corruptness and distrustfulness, the Knight displays desirable traits such as respectfulness andShow MoreRelated The Historical Significance of Dantes Divine Comedy Essay2452 Words   |  10 Pagesrealized integration of life with art. More than being merely great poetry, or a chronicle of contemporary events, which it also is, the `Comedy is a study of human nature by a man quite experienced with it. The main argument I will make in this essay is that Dantes `Comedy is chiefly a work of historical significance because in it lies the essence of human life across all boundaries of time and place. I feel that such a reading is justified, nay invited, by Dante himself when he says; OhRead MoreA Picatrix Miscellany52019 Words   |  209 Pagesenemies of Egypt. These figures were sent to the boundary forts and when Egypt was attacked the appropriate image was shattered in an act of sympathetic magic. The Hebrews were greatly influenced by Egypt and a similar idea lies behind the fictional tale of the Rabbi of Prague who created the Golem, a clay figure brought to life by Qabalistic spells and magic letters. We cannot be sure that the image making in the Picatrix was derived from Egypt as the execration texts are entirely different in method

The Significance of Blurred Gender Roles for the Key Male...

WORLD LITERATURE ASSIGMENT ONE The significance of blurred gender roles for the key male characters in ‘Kitchen’ and ‘Like Water For Chocolate’ Word Count: 1497 Banana Yoshimoto’s novella ‘Kitchen’ and ‘Like Water For Chocolate’ by Laura Esquivel explore the blurring of gender roles through the characterisation of the key male characters, Eriko and Pedro. The obscurity of gender roles is utilised by both authors as a literary tool in the formation of interpersonal relationships with the protagonists of each text. Furthermore both authors employ this blurring in the deconstruction of their respective audience’s societal expectations. Yoshimoto on the conventions of conservative 1980’s Japan, and Esquivel as a 3rd wave feminist writer†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ËœWhat an amazing life story!† The casual nonchalant tone of the dialogue between Mikage and Yuichi demonstrates an acceptance of the unconventional, transcending the limitations of normality in Tokyo’s urban setting. Through the employment of caesuras in the form of commas, questioning and quotations, a natural progres sion of conversation is portrayed. The use of colloquial diction creates an insouciant tone. Mikage’s enthusiastic response, underlined through the use of exclamation, and the positive diction, highlights her acceptance of Eriko’s difference. Through Eriko’s blurred gender role, Yoshimoto essentially entreats an acceptance of the unconventional ‘other’ on the conservative Japanese audience. The emasculation of Pedro in Esquivel’s novel deconstructs the prescriptive roles of romance and Mexican society, redefining the patriarchal context in a 3rd wave feminist ambition. Esquivel’s textual construction mirrors the genre of Mexican women’s fiction. Through these codes as a foundation of the novel’s structure, Esquivel parodies the formulaic roles of the feminine, and wages an assault on these constructs, empowering the women of the text. Furthermore the traditional romantic narrative arc in which the text follows is unhinged through Pedro’s emasculation, disregarding the male hero figure, and vilifying the expectations of a patriarchalShow MoreRelated_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagesintroductory statistics, Roxy is also co-editor of Statistical Case Studies: A Collaboration Between Academe and Industry and a member of the editorial board for Statistics: A Guide to the Unknown, 4th edition. Outside the classroom and the ofï ¬ ce, Roxy likes to travel and spends her spare time reading mystery novels. She also collects Navajo rugs and heads to New Mexico whenever she can ï ¬ nd the time. CHRIS OLSEN has taught statistics at George Washington High School in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, for over 25 yearsRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. 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Zeitoun Analysis Free Essays

Marcellus Lopez Mr. Buckley Honors American Literature September 20, 2011 Abdulrahman Zeitoun, Not Clark Kent Zeitoun, a fantastic novel by author Dave Eggers is a heroic tale of faith and courage set during Hurricane Katrina of August 2005, in New Orleans, Louisiana. The hardy protagonist of the chronicle is Abdulrahman Zeitoun, a Syrian man, living in Louisiana with his wife, Kathy, and his three daughters and stepson. We will write a custom essay sample on Zeitoun Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Zeitoun, a former sailor, used to storms and seas, at the time of the hurricane owned a contracting business, building, repairing, and painting. Zeitoun’s heroism and bravery have made very clear to me that being a hero is †¦ well, really damned stupid. If not that, then at the very least, being a hero is inadvisable and unwise. Zeitoun went far out of his way to help others in a whirlwind of charity and self-assurance. In doing so, he caused great damage to himself and those closest to him. Zeitoun went above and beyond what was asked of him to assist members of his community, ignoring the one thing asked of him by his worried wife, who demanded he evacuate with her and the family. Just as he had gotten into the momentum of routinely feeding some dogs abandoned by their owners daily, Zeitoun was arrested under false charges, rendering him unable to contact Kathy. His absence left his family distressed and disoriented. Kathy panicked hour by hour, praying to hear from her husband, with no such luck until much later. While Abdulrahman was missing, his family overseas was just as worried about him. His brother would call Kathy, personally urged to bend the truth about her husband’s whereabouts. While Zeitoun was imprisoned, his family scrambled to get but a word from, him, not to mention the dogs died. I would stop and think at times in the story, does Zeitoun take the time to assess whether the possible consequences are worth the good he is trying to do? His time in prison shows him reflecting on the good he’d done, as well as praying for a better situation, but I do not recall one time at which he says to himself that he definitely should have left New Orleans. Did he not expect at all that in all the paranoia of a critical hurricane in a post-9/11 society that a Middle Eastern Muslim man would be a target for bigotry and used as a scapegoat? Although, his imprisonment was completely unwarranted, along with the charges brought against him and accusations made against him, nothing should have been a surprise to Zeitoun. Zeitoun was either unequipped with the knowledge that this country’s ideals of justice are far from perfect and that the executive branch of our government is very prone to quick, harsh decisions and quick, definitive judgments†¦ or just not very thoughtful. The results of Zeitoun’s poor decision to stay in New Orleans stuck to Kathy for the rest of what we read of her life in Zeitoun. Kathy’s mental healthy was sacrificed all because Zeitoun foolishly remained in the city, with knowledge that a particularly dangerous storm was approaching. By the end of the story, I couldn’t help but notice how much Abdulrahman’s â€Å"courage† and â€Å"faith† resemble naivete. He stayed in New Orleans to ride out Katrina because he was obstinate and over-confident. It’s fair to say that having been a sailor, he was rugged enough to handle a hurricane, but with a family and the understanding that many other people get mixed up in the spiraling torrent of a natural disaster, it is also fair to say that he could not have been prepared enough. Zeitoun tells that he felt called by God to help people in the storm, but this, I deduce, was no more than a rush he felt from completing a successful rescue. Everyone wants to be a hero. The sensation of doing good for others does more good for the good-doer than should be done. One of my favorite lyrics says, â€Å"When you help others, you can’t help helping yourself. † For a man to be so complacent with an unpredictable force of nature that he would be willing to let it come and see what happens is indubitably foolish. Abdulrahman refusing to evacuate with his wife very closely resembles a child on a playground, shouting to his mother, â€Å"No, Mommy! I don’t wanna go! † Zeitoun, an informative novel by author Dave Eggers is a tale about how faith and â€Å"courage† can really screw things up. The foolhardy protagonist of the chronicle, Abdulrahman Zeitoun, shows us how being over-confident and letting ourselves become too comfortable can lastingly repercuss on the lives of our wife and family. Zeitoun’s over-confidence and naivete have made it absolutely clear that trying to be a hero is really damned stupid. How to cite Zeitoun Analysis, Essay examples

Trail of Tears vs. the Long Walk of the Navajo free essay sample

They both had a culture that focused upon hunting and gathering, UT they also had to focus on finding an eventual homeland. The government of the United Sates stripped them of their rights and forced them to stray away from their traditional culture. Many lives were lost, but more importantly the pride of the Navajo and the Cherokee was lost as well. The Cherokee suffered the largest loss when being compared to the Navajo. They were brave and listened to the government, but they still lost their tribal land. During the 1 asss the East coast was burdened with new settlers and becoming vastly populated. President Andrew Jackson and the government had to find a way to move people to the West to make room. He passed the Indian Removal Policy nil 830. The Indian Removal Policy, which called for the removal of Native Americans from the Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina, and the Georgia area. They also moved their capital Echoed in Tennessee to the new capital called New Echoed, Georgia and then they eventually moved to the Indian Territory.The Indian Territory was declared in the Act of Congress in 1830 with the Indian Removal Policy. The government of the United States did not really try all that hard to avoid the conflict even though they knew what kind of tragedy it would cause. According to President Andrew Jackson: Humanity and national honor demand that every effort should be made to avert so great a calamity. It is too late to inquire whether it was just in the united States to include them and their territory within the bounds of the new States, whose limits they could control (Filler IS).Alias Button, Major Ridge, and John Ridge accepted the responsibility for the removal of the Cherokee, which was one of the largest tribes in the Southeast that were the earliest to adapt to European ways. There was a war involving the Cherokee and the Chickasaws before the Indian Removal Policy was passed. The Cherokee were defeated by the Chickasaws, which caused Chief Dragging Canoe to sign a treaty in 1777 to split up their tribe and have the portion Of the tribe in Chattanooga, Tennessee called the Chicagoan. Chief Doubleheader of the Chicagoan, a branch of the Cherokee, signed a treaty to give away their lands.Tribal law says Death to any Cherokee who proposed t o sell or exchange tribal land. Chief Doubleheader was later executed by Major Ridge. There was another treaty signed in December 29, 1835 which is called The Treaty of New Echoed. It was signed by a party of 500 Cherokee out of about 17,000. Between 1785 and 1 902 twenty-five treaties were signed with white men to give up their tribal lands (Woodward 192-205). The Cherokee would find themselves in a nightmare for the next year. In 1838 General Winfield Scott got tired of delaying this longer than the 2 years he waited already so he took charge in collecting the Cherokee.The Cherokee were taken from their homes and their belongings. They were placed in holding camps so no one would escape. The Cherokee were to be moved in the fall of 1838, but the journey did not occur in October, 1838 because of bad weather. They were now supposed to move 13,000 Cherokee in the bring of 1 839 a distance of eight-hundred miles. The Cherokee were not fed enough so they suffered from malnutrition. They were badly clothed for the spring and many caught diseases, which caused death. The Cherokee that knew the woodlands were able to escape.The white men couldnt find them without the help of other Cherokee and bribes. During the eight-hundred mile trek many children and spouses were separated from their families. About one-third of the original Cherokee they collected died in the holding camps and between the trek from the Southeast section of the Union to Indian Territory. In the words of a British officer, Lithely are like the Devils pig, they will neither lead nor drive (Woodward Preface). They would have to learn a new way of life and adjust. They lost their Negro slaves, and their possessions (Brachia 35).The Cherokee were farmers, and their new land was infertile. The land was meant for cattle raising, which they didnt know ho to do. They built a capital city called Tattletale, and their nation was declared in September 6, 1839. John Ross who was elected by the Cherokee as the president Of the Cherokee nation in 1827 continues his roll in the land, shared tit another seventy tribes. They had opened up schools in the Indian Territory to continue their education for their children. The first Cherokee school opened in 1801 when the people were learning their language.Their written language, which consists of 85 characters, was said to be created by a Sequoia (1760-1843), a Cherokee leader. The Cherokee had mixed blood from the early British settlers and traders. Therefore, the Cherokee were educated in both languages. For over half a century the Cherokee have abstained from becoming American Citizens until 1906 when the Unites States made all tribal embers U. S. Citizens. A year later the Indian Territory was admitted into the Union as the state of Oklahoma. During this period many Cherokee started breaking away and mixing their blood.In 1930 forty-five thousand two hundred thirty-eight Cherokee left Oklahoma and headed East from where they came (Brachia 9). The 10,000 Cherokee that survived the Trail Of Tears and the other Cherokee that were not taken for the removal slowly gained back in population in a century. The Tattletale Agency in Oklahoma has said there were 42,992 Cherokee living in Tattletale in 1982. The U. S. Census has shown 293,074 Cherokee are living in more than 30 states in the United States. Now the Cherokee Nation is under control of the first woman chief.In November 1983 Wilma Manlier was elected to the office of the Cherokee Nation. The Cherokee survived the hardships of the Trail of Tears and the loss of their loved ones. Their population continues to grow despite losing everything that belonged to them (Brachia 9). When the United States assumed control of the Southwest the Navajo had been at war with the Spanish and the New Mexicans for over 250 years. In 1862 Gene. James H. Carleton, territorial commander in the Southwest, reposed removing all the Navajo from their homeland east to Fort Sumner.Led by Kit Carson, more than 8,000 Navajo were herded into Fort Canny and Fort Winning. Carbons men and the soldiers who will follow them over the next year will lay Dinette to waste, burning homes and fields of corn and wheat, destroying stores of food, girdling peach trees, killing more Navajo by starvation than with bullets (Brachia 1 15). In August of 1 863 the first group of Navajo began their 400 mile journey. It took the Navajo three weeks to reach Fort Sumner, where hundred of Indians perished. By the time he Navajo reached Fort Sumner their clothing was tattered and their children were dying.Similar to the Trail of Tears the Navajo that were arriving at the fort had tears in their eyes because they were forced to leave their beloved land. In a way the Long Walk of the Navajo was also seen as a trail of tears. Carbons orders at the time were to not make peace with any of the Navajo and to destroy anyone that opposed the rules that were being put into place. In 1868 the reservation was declared a national scandal and the Navajo were allowed to return to their homeland. You have deceived us o often and robbed and murdered our people too long to trust you again at large in your own country.This war shall be pursued against you if it takes years, now that we have begun, until you cease to exist or move. There can be no other talk on the subject. (Brachia 117). These words about robbery and murder applied to the actions of the whites rather than the accused Navajo. More Navajo than white men were killed and thousands of Navajo remained slaves in the hands of the Mexicans (Brachia 117 ; 120). In 1962, when the Spanish started to invade their way into New Mexico, the Navajo lied with the Pueblos to resist the white invaders. A continual war existed between the Navajo and the New Mexicans, which eventually helped lead to the Navajo Long Walk. Apparently every time the Navajo signed a treaty, it was broken by the New Mexicans. In 1845, when the United Sates annexed Texas, they took possession of all of Mexico Northern provinces. In August of 1 946, Gene Stephen Carney declared control over all citizens of the Territory Of New Mexico, including Indian tribes. America thought that the Navajo would make a peace treaty binding all Navajo, but that was not the ease.The Navajo were considered independent and if another province made a treaty, they would ignore it and continue to makes raids. The United States did not take this very well because if one Navajo committed a crime then the IS. S. Believed that all Navajo should be punished. The Americans totally took away the land that was rightfully theirs, but more importantly they took away their pride. The Navajo fled before them, looking down from the heights above while there harass went up in flames. All their horses and sheep were killed, the canyon floor was left bare, and the spirit of theIndians was broken (Coolidge 25). Although the Long Walk of the Navajo caused fewer casualties than the Trail of Tears, it seems that it was more of a political issue involving a corrupt government In today word something like this would never occur, and if it die their would be a mass riot against the government. Americans! You have a strange cause for war against the Navajo. We have waged war against the New Mexicans for many years. You have lately commenced a war against the same people. You have therefore conquered them, the very same thing we have been attempting to do for so many years.You now turn upon us for attempting what you have done to yourselves. We cannot see why you have cause to quarrel with us for fighting the New Mexicans on the west, while you do the same on the east (Brachia 144). These were remarks made by Maroon, who was a well respected elder of the Navajo (Coolidge 23-30) It is obvious to see that the destruction caused to the Cherokee was much more fatal than the punishment inflicted to the Navajo, but that should not take anything away from them. Both of these tribes at one time were forced to flee their homeland and everything that they were familiar with. They were forced to adapt to a new culture and a new way of life. The attitude of the government of the United States during those time periods was corrupt and insensitive. In todays world the people of the United States would not allow such a tragedy to happen. The Cherokee and the Navajo had established a culture that they were used to, but the united States flipped the script and forced a move that caused the loss of many people. The Cherokee and the Navajo are considered people as well as Indians. The government at the time may not have taken this into consideration as silly as it sounds.